1 /***************************************************************************
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4 begin : Wed May 15 2002
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5 copyright : (C) 2002 by Pete Bernert
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6 email : BlackDove@addcom.de
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7 ***************************************************************************/
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8 /***************************************************************************
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10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
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11 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
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12 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
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13 * (at your option) any later version. See also the license.txt file for *
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14 * additional informations. *
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16 ***************************************************************************/
\r
22 // will be included from spu.c
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25 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
\r
27 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
\r
29 static int RateTableAdd[128];
\r
30 static int RateTableSub[128];
\r
32 void InitADSR(void) // INIT ADSR
\r
36 // Optimize table - Dr. Hell ADSR math
\r
37 for (lcv = 0; lcv < 48; lcv++)
\r
39 RateTableAdd[lcv] = (7 - (lcv&3)) << (11 + 16 - (lcv >> 2));
\r
40 RateTableSub[lcv] = (-8 + (lcv&3)) << (11 + 16 - (lcv >> 2));
\r
43 for (; lcv < 128; lcv++)
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45 denom = 1 << ((lcv>>2) - 11);
\r
47 RateTableAdd[lcv] = ((7 - (lcv&3)) << 16) / denom;
\r
48 RateTableSub[lcv] = ((-8 + (lcv&3)) << 16) / denom;
\r
50 // XXX: this is wrong, we need more bits..
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51 if (RateTableAdd[lcv] == 0)
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52 RateTableAdd[lcv] = 1;
\r
56 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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58 INLINE void StartADSR(int ch) // MIX ADSR
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60 spu.s_chan[ch].ADSRX.State = ADSR_ATTACK; // and init some adsr vars
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61 spu.s_chan[ch].ADSRX.EnvelopeVol = 0;
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64 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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66 static int MixADSR(ADSRInfoEx *adsr, int ns_to)
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68 unsigned int EnvelopeVol = adsr->EnvelopeVol;
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69 int ns = 0, val, rto, level;
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71 if (adsr->State == ADSR_RELEASE)
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73 val = RateTableSub[adsr->ReleaseRate * 4];
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75 if (adsr->ReleaseModeExp)
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77 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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79 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
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80 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol <= 0)
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83 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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89 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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92 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol <= 0)
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95 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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103 switch (adsr->State)
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105 case ADSR_ATTACK: // -> attack
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107 if (adsr->AttackModeExp && EnvelopeVol >= 0x60000000)
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109 val = RateTableAdd[adsr->AttackRate + rto];
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111 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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113 EnvelopeVol += val;
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114 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0) // overflow
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117 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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118 ChanBuf[ns] >>= 10;
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121 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0) // overflow
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123 EnvelopeVol = 0x7fffffff;
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124 adsr->State = ADSR_DECAY;
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125 ns++; // sample is good already
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130 //--------------------------------------------------//
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132 case ADSR_DECAY: // -> decay
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133 val = RateTableSub[adsr->DecayRate * 4];
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134 level = adsr->SustainLevel;
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136 for (; ns < ns_to; )
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138 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
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139 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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142 ChanBuf[ns] *= EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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143 ChanBuf[ns] >>= 10;
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146 if (((EnvelopeVol >> 27) & 0xf) <= level)
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148 adsr->State = ADSR_SUSTAIN;
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154 //--------------------------------------------------//
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156 case ADSR_SUSTAIN: // -> sustain
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157 if (adsr->SustainIncrease)
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159 if (EnvelopeVol >= 0x7fff0000)
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166 if (adsr->SustainModeExp && EnvelopeVol >= 0x60000000)
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168 val = RateTableAdd[adsr->SustainRate + rto];
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170 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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172 EnvelopeVol += val;
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173 if (EnvelopeVol >= 0x7fe00000)
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175 EnvelopeVol = 0x7fffffff;
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180 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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181 ChanBuf[ns] >>= 10;
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186 val = RateTableSub[adsr->SustainRate];
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187 if (adsr->SustainModeExp)
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189 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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191 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
\r
192 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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195 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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196 ChanBuf[ns] >>= 10;
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201 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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203 EnvelopeVol += val;
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204 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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207 ChanBuf[ns] *= (signed int)EnvelopeVol >> 21;
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208 ChanBuf[ns] >>= 10;
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216 adsr->EnvelopeVol = EnvelopeVol;
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220 static int SkipADSR(ADSRInfoEx *adsr, int ns_to)
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222 unsigned int EnvelopeVol = adsr->EnvelopeVol;
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223 int ns = 0, val, rto, level;
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226 if (adsr->State == ADSR_RELEASE)
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228 val = RateTableSub[adsr->ReleaseRate * 4];
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229 if (adsr->ReleaseModeExp)
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231 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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233 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
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234 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol <= 0)
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241 v64 += (int64_t)val * ns_to;
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242 EnvelopeVol = (int)v64;
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249 switch (adsr->State)
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251 case ADSR_ATTACK: // -> attack
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253 if (adsr->AttackModeExp && EnvelopeVol >= 0x60000000)
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255 val = RateTableAdd[adsr->AttackRate + rto];
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257 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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259 EnvelopeVol += val;
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260 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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263 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0) // overflow
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265 EnvelopeVol = 0x7fffffff;
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266 adsr->State = ADSR_DECAY;
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272 //--------------------------------------------------//
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274 case ADSR_DECAY: // -> decay
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275 val = RateTableSub[adsr->DecayRate * 4];
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276 level = adsr->SustainLevel;
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278 for (; ns < ns_to; )
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280 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
\r
281 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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286 if (((EnvelopeVol >> 27) & 0xf) <= level)
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288 adsr->State = ADSR_SUSTAIN;
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294 //--------------------------------------------------//
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296 case ADSR_SUSTAIN: // -> sustain
\r
297 if (adsr->SustainIncrease)
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301 if (EnvelopeVol >= 0x7fff0000)
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305 if (adsr->SustainModeExp && EnvelopeVol >= 0x60000000)
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307 val = RateTableAdd[adsr->SustainRate + rto];
\r
310 v64 += (int64_t)val * (ns_to - ns);
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311 EnvelopeVol = (int)v64;
\r
312 if (v64 >= 0x7fe00000ll)
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313 EnvelopeVol = 0x7fffffff;
\r
317 val = RateTableSub[adsr->SustainRate];
\r
318 if (adsr->SustainModeExp)
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320 for (; ns < ns_to; ns++)
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322 EnvelopeVol += ((long long)val * EnvelopeVol) >> (15+16);
\r
323 if ((signed int)EnvelopeVol < 0)
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330 v64 += (int64_t)val * (ns_to - ns);
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331 EnvelopeVol = (int)v64;
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340 adsr->EnvelopeVol = EnvelopeVol;
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347 James Higgs ADSR investigations:
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349 PSX SPU Envelope Timings
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350 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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352 First, here is an extract from doomed's SPU doc, which explains the basics
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353 of the SPU "volume envelope":
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355 *** doomed doc extract start ***
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357 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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359 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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360 The SPU has 24 hardware voices. These voices can be used to reproduce sample
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361 data, noise or can be used as frequency modulator on the next voice.
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362 Each voice has it's own programmable ADSR envelope filter. The main volume
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363 can be programmed independently for left and right output.
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365 The ADSR envelope filter works as follows:
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366 Ar = Attack rate, which specifies the speed at which the volume increases
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367 from zero to it's maximum value, as soon as the note on is given. The
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368 slope can be set to lineair or exponential.
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369 Dr = Decay rate specifies the speed at which the volume decreases to the
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370 sustain level. Decay is always decreasing exponentially.
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371 Sl = Sustain level, base level from which sustain starts.
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372 Sr = Sustain rate is the rate at which the volume of the sustained note
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373 increases or decreases. This can be either lineair or exponential.
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374 Rr = Release rate is the rate at which the volume of the note decreases
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375 as soon as the note off is given.
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379 Sl _| _ / _ \__--- \
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383 |/___________________\________
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386 The overal volume can also be set to sweep up or down lineairly or
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387 exponentially from it's current value. This can be done seperately
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388 for left and right.
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390 Relevant SPU registers:
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391 -------------------------------------------------------------
\r
392 $1f801xx8 Attack/Decay/Sustain level
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393 bit |0f|0e 0d 0c 0b 0a 09 08|07 06 05 04|03 02 01 00|
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394 desc.|Am| Ar |Dr |Sl |
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396 Am 0 Attack mode Linear
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399 Ar 0-7f attack rate
\r
401 Sl 0-f sustain level
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402 -------------------------------------------------------------
\r
403 $1f801xxa Sustain rate, Release Rate.
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404 bit |0f|0e|0d|0c 0b 0a 09 08 07 06|05|04 03 02 01 00|
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405 desc.|Sm|Sd| 0| Sr |Rm|Rr |
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407 Sm 0 sustain rate mode linear
\r
409 Sd 0 sustain rate mode increase
\r
411 Sr 0-7f Sustain Rate
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412 Rm 0 Linear decrease
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413 1 Exponential decrease
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414 Rr 0-1f Release Rate
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416 Note: decay mode is always Expontial decrease, and thus cannot
\r
418 -------------------------------------------------------------
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419 $1f801xxc Current ADSR volume
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420 bit |0f 0e 0d 0c 0b 0a 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00|
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423 ADSRvol Returns the current envelope volume when
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425 -- James' Note: return range: 0 -> 32767
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427 *** doomed doc extract end ***
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429 By using a small PSX proggie to visualise the envelope as it was played,
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430 the following results for envelope timing were obtained:
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432 1. Attack rate value (linear mode)
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434 Attack value range: 0 -> 127
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436 Value | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | | 80 |
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437 -----------------------------------------------------------------
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438 Frames | 11 | 21 | 42 | 84 | 169| 338| 676| |2890|
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440 Note: frames is no. of PAL frames to reach full volume (100%
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443 Hmm, noticing that the time taken to reach full volume doubles
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444 every time we add 4 to our attack value, we know the equation is
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446 frames = k * 2 ^ (value / 4)
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448 (You may ponder about envelope generator hardware at this point,
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451 By substituting some stuff and running some checks, we get:
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453 k = 0.00257 (close enuf)
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456 frames = 0.00257 * 2 ^ (value / 4)
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457 If you just happen to be writing an emulator, then you can probably
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458 use an equation like:
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460 %volume_increase_per_tick = 1 / frames
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463 ------------------------------------
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465 ms=((1<<(value>>2))*514)/10000
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466 ------------------------------------
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468 2. Decay rate value (only has log mode)
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470 Decay value range: 0 -> 15
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472 Value | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
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473 ------------------------------------------------
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474 frames | | | | | 6 | 12 | 24 | 47 |
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476 Note: frames here is no. of PAL frames to decay to 50% volume.
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478 formula: frames = k * 2 ^ (value)
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480 Substituting, we get: k = 0.00146
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482 Further info on logarithmic nature:
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483 frames to decay to sustain level 3 = 3 * frames to decay to
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486 Also no. of frames to 25% volume = roughly 1.85 * no. of frames to
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489 Frag it - just use linear approx.
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491 ------------------------------------
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493 ms=((1<<value)*292)/10000
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494 ------------------------------------
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497 3. Sustain rate value (linear mode)
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499 Sustain rate range: 0 -> 127
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501 Value | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 |
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502 -------------------------------------------
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503 frames | 9 | 19 | 37 | 74 | 147| 293| 587|
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505 Here, frames = no. of PAL frames for volume amplitude to go from 100%
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506 to 0% (or vice-versa).
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508 Same formula as for attack value, just a different value for k:
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512 ie: frames = 0.00225 * 2 ^ (value / 4)
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514 For emulation purposes:
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516 %volume_increase_or_decrease_per_tick = 1 / frames
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518 ------------------------------------
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520 ms=((1<<(value>>2))*450)/10000
\r
521 ------------------------------------
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524 4. Release rate (linear mode)
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526 Release rate range: 0 -> 31
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528 Value | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
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529 ---------------------------------------------------------------
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530 frames | 18 | 36 | 73 | 146| 292|
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532 Here, frames = no. of PAL frames to decay from 100% vol to 0% vol
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533 after "note-off" is triggered.
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535 Formula: frames = k * 2 ^ (value)
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537 And so: k = 0.00223
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539 ------------------------------------
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541 ms=((1<<value)*446)/10000
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542 ------------------------------------
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547 Log stuff not figured out. You may get some clues from the "Decay rate"
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548 stuff above. For emu purposes it may not be important - use linear
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551 To get timings in millisecs, multiply frames by 20.
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555 - James Higgs 17/6/2000
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556 james7780@yahoo.com
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558 //---------------------------------------------------------------
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560 OLD adsr mixing according to james' rules... has to be called
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561 every one millisecond
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564 long v,v2,lT,l1,l2,l3;
\r
566 if(s_chan[ch].bStop) // psx wants to stop? -> release phase
\r
568 if(s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVal!=0) // -> release not 0: do release (if 0: stop right now)
\r
570 if(!s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol) // --> release just started? set up the release stuff
\r
572 s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseStartTime=s_chan[ch].ADSR.lTime;
\r
573 s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol=s_chan[ch].ADSR.lVolume;
\r
574 s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseTime = // --> calc how long does it take to reach the wanted sus level
\r
575 (s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseTime*
\r
576 s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol)/1024;
\r
578 // -> NO release exp mode used (yet)
\r
579 v=s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol; // -> get last volume
\r
580 lT=s_chan[ch].ADSR.lTime- // -> how much time is past?
\r
581 s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseStartTime;
\r
582 l1=s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseTime;
\r
584 if(lT<l1) // -> we still have to release
\r
586 v=v-((v*lT)/l1); // --> calc new volume
\r
588 else // -> release is over: now really stop that sample
\r
589 {v=0;s_chan[ch].bOn=0;s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol=0;s_chan[ch].bNoise=0;}
\r
591 else // -> release IS 0: release at once
\r
593 v=0;s_chan[ch].bOn=0;s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol=0;s_chan[ch].bNoise=0;
\r
597 {//--------------------------------------------------// not in release phase:
\r
599 lT=s_chan[ch].ADSR.lTime;
\r
600 l1=s_chan[ch].ADSR.AttackTime;
\r
602 if(lT<l1) // attack
\r
603 { // no exp mode used (yet)
\r
604 // if(s_chan[ch].ADSR.AttackModeExp)
\r
615 { // should be exp, but who cares? ;)
\r
616 l2=s_chan[ch].ADSR.DecayTime;
\r
617 v2=s_chan[ch].ADSR.SustainLevel;
\r
622 v-=(((v-v2)*lT)/l2);
\r
625 { // no exp mode used (yet)
\r
626 l3=s_chan[ch].ADSR.SustainTime;
\r
628 if(s_chan[ch].ADSR.SustainModeDec>0)
\r
630 if(l3!=0) v2+=((v-v2)*lT)/l3;
\r
635 if(l3!=0) v2-=(v2*lT)/l3;
\r
640 if(v2<=0) {v2=0;s_chan[ch].bOn=0;s_chan[ch].ADSR.ReleaseVol=0;s_chan[ch].bNoise=0;}
\r
647 //----------------------------------------------------//
\r
648 // ok, done for this channel, so increase time
\r
650 s_chan[ch].ADSR.lTime+=1; // 1 = 1.020408f ms;
\r
652 if(v>1024) v=1024; // adjust volume
\r
654 s_chan[ch].ADSR.lVolume=v; // store act volume
\r
656 return v; // return the volume factor
\r
660 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\r
661 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\r
662 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\r
666 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\r
668 Playstation SPU envelope timing notes
\r
669 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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671 This is preliminary. This may be wrong. But the model described herein fits
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672 all of my experimental data, and it's just simple enough to sound right.
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674 ADSR envelope level ranges from 0x00000000 to 0x7FFFFFFF internally.
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675 The value returned by channel reg 0xC is (envelope_level>>16).
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677 Each sample, an increment or decrement value will be added to or
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678 subtracted from this envelope level.
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680 Create the rate log table. The values double every 4 entries.
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687 entry #40 = 4096...
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688 entry #44 = 8192...
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689 entry #48 = 16384...
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690 entry #52 = 32768...
\r
691 entry #56 = 65536...
\r
693 increments and decrements are in terms of ratelogtable[n]
\r
694 n may exceed the table bounds (plan on n being between -32 and 127).
\r
695 table values are all clipped between 0x00000000 and 0x3FFFFFFF
\r
697 when you "voice on", the envelope is always fully reset.
\r
698 (yes, it may click. the real thing does this too.)
\r
700 envelope level begins at zero.
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702 each state happens for at least 1 cycle
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703 (transitions are not instantaneous)
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704 this may result in some oddness: if the decay rate is uberfast, it will cut
\r
705 the envelope from full down to half in one sample, potentially skipping over
\r
710 - if the envelope level has overflowed past the max, clip to 0x7FFFFFFF and
\r
713 Linear attack mode:
\r
714 - line extends upward to 0x7FFFFFFF
\r
715 - increment per sample is ratelogtable[(Ar^0x7F)-0x10]
\r
717 Logarithmic attack mode:
\r
718 if envelope_level < 0x60000000:
\r
719 - line extends upward to 0x60000000
\r
720 - increment per sample is ratelogtable[(Ar^0x7F)-0x10]
\r
722 - line extends upward to 0x7FFFFFFF
\r
723 - increment per sample is ratelogtable[(Ar^0x7F)-0x18]
\r
727 - if ((envelope_level>>27)&0xF) <= Sl, proceed to SUSTAIN.
\r
728 Do not clip to the sustain level.
\r
729 - current line ends at (envelope_level & 0x07FFFFFF)
\r
730 - decrement per sample depends on (envelope_level>>28)&0x7
\r
731 0: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+0]
\r
732 1: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+4]
\r
733 2: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+6]
\r
734 3: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+8]
\r
735 4: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+9]
\r
736 5: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+10]
\r
737 6: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+11]
\r
738 7: ratelogtable[(4*(Dr^0x1F))-0x18+12]
\r
739 (note that this is the same as the release rate formula, except that
\r
740 decay rates 10-1F aren't possible... those would be slower in theory)
\r
744 - no terminating condition except for voice off
\r
745 - Sd=0 (increase) behavior is identical to ATTACK for both log and linear.
\r
746 - Sd=1 (decrease) behavior:
\r
747 Linear sustain decrease:
\r
748 - line extends to 0x00000000
\r
749 - decrement per sample is ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x0F]
\r
750 Logarithmic sustain decrease:
\r
751 - current line ends at (envelope_level & 0x07FFFFFF)
\r
752 - decrement per sample depends on (envelope_level>>28)&0x7
\r
753 0: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+0]
\r
754 1: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+4]
\r
755 2: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+6]
\r
756 3: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+8]
\r
757 4: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+9]
\r
758 5: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+10]
\r
759 6: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+11]
\r
760 7: ratelogtable[(Sr^0x7F)-0x1B+12]
\r
764 - if the envelope level has overflowed to negative, clip to 0 and QUIT.
\r
766 Linear release mode:
\r
767 - line extends to 0x00000000
\r
768 - decrement per sample is ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x0C]
\r
770 Logarithmic release mode:
\r
771 - line extends to (envelope_level & 0x0FFFFFFF)
\r
772 - decrement per sample depends on (envelope_level>>28)&0x7
\r
773 0: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+0]
\r
774 1: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+4]
\r
775 2: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+6]
\r
776 3: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+8]
\r
777 4: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+9]
\r
778 5: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+10]
\r
779 6: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+11]
\r
780 7: ratelogtable[(4*(Rr^0x1F))-0x18+12]
\r
782 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\r
785 // vim:shiftwidth=1:expandtab
\r